tillman



v v I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. s. n. TILLMAN. STEAM HEATER.

No. 104,510! Patented June 21, 1870.

In venlo'k km m 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

s. D. TILLMAN. STEAM HEATER.

No 104,510.. Patented 11111621, 1870.

i To all whom may concern tion of my apparatus.

, SAMUEL TILLMAN, 0F JERSEYOITY, NEW JERSEY.

' j12zert Patent No. j104,510,' dated Jame 2 1,1870.

s'rsam HEATER.

" I .Iho Schedule referred to in these-Letters Patent and making part of the 5m Be it known that I, Samoan D4T1LLMAN,-0f; er-' soy City, inthe countyof Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Heaters, which may be used also for for stoves, condcnsers, and generally in nearly all situations where it is necessary to transfer heat from one-fluid. to ahother; and I do herebydcclarefl that the following .is'a fulland exact description thereof.

, My inventiouyrelstes to means for increasing the heating-surface, and for directing the flow of the p fluids so that the fluid to which the heat is communisated willhe removed entirely, and its-place supplied by other fluid at the original low temperature, in-

steadofi remaining and flowing along the heating-surfaces in contact therewith. j

I shall desoribemy invention as applied to heaters havingpipes in the ordinaryv cylindrical form; but it will be understood that the pipes or equivalent parts may be of oval section, or of rectangular, triangular, vor any other form of section, if preferred.

I will proceed to describe what vI consider the best means of carrying out my invention, and will afterward designate the point which I believe to be new therein.

' The accompanying drawing forms a part of this specification. I v

Figure 1 is a side elevation Figure 2 is a plan view;

Figure 3 is vertical section; and

Figure 4 is a horizontal section of my heater complete,

Figures 5, 6, and 7 show parts of constructions which involve some of the novel features of my invention, but not in what I consider the best form.

Figure 8 is a cross-section of a singlepipe, with its oblique transverse plates cast in one piece therewith. Figures 9 and 10 are cross-sections of such pipe, or

. a corresponding pipe, showing diflerent forms of the cross-section of the pipes, and difl'erent outlines for :the plates.

, Qimilar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures. The drawing represents the novel parts, with so uch of the ordinary parts as is necessary to indicate their relation thereto. -4

Referringto figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4- A is a hollow ring forming .ratus. v 'A' is a corresponding ring, forming the upper por- B B, 8pc, are tubes extending from the lowei ring A to the upper rihg A. j p

A pipe, a conducts steam, highly heated air, orthe the base of my appa like, into theuppcr ring A; andapipe, a, allows the same to flow out, in a partiallv cooled condition,.from the lower ring A.

"The direction of thecui'i'ent may-be reversed, or, in the case of a steam heating apparatus, it will be readily understood that alargc proportion of the es-- coping matter will ordinarily be inthe condensed form,

as water,- I

G O are legs or supporting-arms, which hold the wholealittle up from the'floor, or other support S o far as has been yet described, the apparatus is iron, cast together by skillful coring, or theparts may be made separately, andjoincd.by screwing or other suitable means.

V I) D, 8m, are plates of thin metal, cast, welded, or otherwise formed on the tubes B, and stand nearly or quite at right angles thereto. Thcy perform the double function of conducting the heat from the pipes B outward, and presents. great extent of heating surface to warm the air on the exterionand to deflect the current of air and compel it to flow crosswise of t the tubes. 7

The arrangement here represented provides for a current of air to flow inward in all directions, and to rise in the central space within the rings A A.

Some of the air willflow in under the ring A, and will rise directly upward through the clear and nnob structed space in the center. This quantity may be limited by reducing the height or increasing the width of the legs 0, or there may be a special valve or regulatin g device, not represented, by which such passage may be adjusted at will. In any event a large quantity of air will flow in radially between the pipes .13, and will become heated by the contact, not only with the pipes themselves, but also with the plates D;

' As ordinarily arranged,.tlie particles of air heated by contact with the lower part of each pipe 3 rises and envelopes the upper part of the same pipe in a stream of warm air, so that the upper part of each pipe is only slightly, efficient as heating-surface. It is not exposed to a direct current of cool air. But my plates D completely guard against such an upward flow along the pipes, and they compel the air warmed at any given point on .the exterior of a pipe to move inward out of theLway, and to leave the spaces above entirely unaffected thereby. In other words, the space below each plate D is isolated by the plate from the space above it, and each performs its :and'a powerful suctioh inward, through'the space hetween the plates 1). This action, resulting from wellknown laws, may be modified atwill by removing such ichimney, raising it above the top-of my apparatus,

perforating it, or providing it with a damper, or other-, wise.

When my apparatus is used as a condenser it will be understood that the steam is thrown into the pipes B from the engine, and the current of cold air conduets away the heat, in the sanie manner as has been before described. For such a. purpose it may be of particular service to place the apparatus at the bottom-of a tall chimney. 'The efi'ect may be still further increased, in some instances, by heating such chimney with the products of combustion from the furnace,'or increasing the draught by a blower, a steamjet, or other approved means.- I can also-increase the draught, or the circulation of the air, by artificial means,

in using the apparatus as a steam heater or stove; In this case the condenser will be most effective if both thetubes B and the plates D are made of thin copper,'and-it is evident that the strength of the plates 1) will'allow the use of extremely thin copper tubes B.

I do not confine myself to the. precise degree of curvature, or the precise distance apart of the plates D D. I have represented them as being matched together, edge to edge, so that the plates D on one tube coincide with. the corresponding plates on the adjacent tube on each side. I prefer this arrangement; but a part of the advantages of my invention may be secured by allowing the plates to interlock or lapo'n each other; or, again, if of insuflicient size to meet. In case the plates are plain, I esteem it'important to mountthem at a considerable inclination, so as to fiwor the'motion of the air in the desired direction by the tendency of the warmed air to rise, but a portion of the advantage may be secured by mounting such plates in I planes at right angles tothe axes of the tubes.

The plates may be made of wrought'iron, struck out by 'dies ol the like, andsecured by welding, brazing, soft-so dering, or other suitable means. In order to allow. for theinclination, the hole which receives the tube should be made correspondingly'el- T I can modify the effects by varying the thickness andsubstituting other materials,'as brass liptical.

for iron. I propose, for cheap work, casting the tubes B, with the plates D thereon,"in a single piece.

The effect may, in some cases, bemodified with advantage by inclining the plates D' in the opposite direction, and blowing the cold air into.the center of a series. of pipes, arranged as represented. In such case the interior of the upper ring A may be wholly or partially closed with advantage.

Any tasteful scroll-work, or other open-work protection, may be mounted on the exterior of my heater when used for warming apartments.

I claim I 1. The pipes B extending up and down, and the bent or inclined plates 1), when so constructed and arranged that the plates completely encircle the pipes and deflect the rising current of heated air, which" tends to flow along the pipe, and cause it to make way constantly for fresh cold air to be heated, and

in turn to be immediately removed, as herein set forth.

Witnesses:

,'W. 0. Der,

O. O. 'Lrvmes. 

